Social Assistance Reform: Will Bulgaria Redefine Its Most Vulnerable Groups?

Context: A New Era for the Welfare System

In 2025, the Bulgarian government is introducing a major reform in its social assistance system by linking benefits to active job-seeking. The goal is to reduce long-term dependence and promote economic inclusion. This step aligns with the broader EU commitment to a "social climate transition."

Who Will Be Affected?

According to the Social Assistance Agency, over 350,000 households in Bulgaria rely on state support. Among them are Roma communities, single parents, people with disabilities, and seniors. The core issue is whether the new conditions will promote real labor market integration or further marginalize vulnerable populations.

Risks and Challenges

The reform demands strong infrastructure—well-resourced labor offices, accessible transport, and effective coordination with municipalities. However, many small towns lack meaningful job opportunities. Without accompanying programs for training and placement, the new requirements may become a barrier to support rather than a pathway to inclusion.

Possible Scenarios

• Optimistic: Active policies increase engagement and help reduce poverty levels.
• Pessimistic: The most vulnerable fall out of the system, fueling social tension.
• Realistic: Some households adapt successfully, while the profile of aid recipients shifts—from elderly to younger people at risk.

Welfare Policy at a Crossroads

This reform puts the entire support system to the test. Success will require realistic assessment of local conditions, transparent criteria, and adequate administrative capacity. Otherwise, the risk isn’t just fewer recipients—it’s growing inequality.